Viewing it amid the grand course of human events, Douglass saw in the Civil War an event of epochal moral significance. Cliquestrickland and jones funeral home obituaries. Already a member? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com In August 1845, two months after his book was published, Douglass fled to Great Britain, where his speeches won him international fame. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. For example, one popular reason in support of the claim about banning capital punishment is that capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? Create your account. What does Frederick Douglass mean when he says "Bread of Knowledge"? The signers of the Declaration of Independence, Douglass told his audience that day, were brave men. He in a sense manipulates the children around him into teaching him how to read and write. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. IV, p. 436. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. Under each type of claim is an example of that claim on the topic of capital punishment. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). III, p. 218 (emphasis added). [31] Douglass, Our Composite Nationality, December 7, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human exploitation is one of them. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech? For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. II, pp. 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - indbras.com.br Debate participants will often prepare counterclaims in order to have a rebuttal ready for their opponent. Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. Rejectthe counterclaim. To the contrary, among such commentators there appears to be a growing consensus that, despite its important victories, the civil rights movement must be judged as on the whole a failure. I will also contrast how Douglass' view was very similar to that of the women in antebellum America, and the role that Christianity played in his life as a slave and then. She has an M.A. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? Writing before slaves were freed in the United States, Douglass' main objective in the Narrative is to dispel any notion that slavery is good for those enslaved. But the final, unimpeachable confirmation of Lincolns anti-slavery commitment came for Douglass in August 1864, when the President, fearing that a demoralized electorate would soon force a premature end to the war, summoned Douglass to the White House to discuss a covert scheme for liberating as many as possible in the meantime. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. The persistence of Douglasss hopeful, energetic activism during that very difficult decade deserves further comment. keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. IV, p. 459. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. While conceding that these critics have a point, Peter C. Myers faults them for embracing a radical critique of America that rejects Americas founding principles as racist, abandons the goal of integration, and fosters alienation. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. Douglas removed his residual doubts by diving into the Warm Lake and swimming across to the other shore and back. He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. Less than 20 inmates were executed in the United States in 2020. For the audience? According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. 9 chapters | Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. OR. In this method, the author would address the counterclaims within each of the body paragraphs. In it, he articulated in an unforgettable manner the core meaning and mission of America, drawing inspiration, he said, from the magnificent words of the nations two great founding documents, the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. In Americas dedication to principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. State what role curiosity plays in an interview. [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Informative_Paragraph.pdf - Name: Kayla Valadez Date: In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. A good conclusion for an argumentative essay should address at least one of the following: What implications does the argument have for various stakeholders? [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. Some of his works are obvious and others are a bit harder to see. In your thesis paragraph, you make it . His fair-play principle required, first and foremost, the cessation of various practices in the post-Reconstruction South that were designed to frustrate blacks efforts to acquire property for themselves. For a standard 5-paragraph essay, the introduction is one paragraph and contains the thesis statement, or overall claim for the essay. international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. Formulated more precisely, his demand Let [the Negro] alone meant Give him fair play and let him alone, but be sure you give him fair play.[34] In its most general meaning, fair play or justice to black Americans was to be determined by a principle of non-exceptionalism. 42% of the inmates are black, although African-Americans only account for 12.5% of the U.S. population" (Walter). If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. No class of men can, without insulting their own nature, be content without it. In particular, slaveholders perpetrated no greater wrong than their withholding of education from those enslaved. [36] The Present and Future of the Colored Race in America, May 1863, in Life and Writings, Vol. He can no longer stand his new sense of education and knowledge. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. This seemingly contrarian hopefulness was no mere exercise in morale-boosting. The main purpose of a counterclaim is to address the opposite side of the argument and provide a rebuttal. [23] See especially Douglass, The Doom of the Black Power, July 27, 1855, in Life and Writings, Vol. In that position, Douglasss fame grew rapidly, and with it came controversy and heightened personal danger. position? They were statesmen, patriots and heroes. In his discerning view, however, the main source of their greatnessthe virtue that enabled them to be more than revolutionaries, the Founders of a great republicinhered not in their bravery but in their dedication to the eternal principles, the saving principles, set forth in the unique revolutionary document they dared to sign. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. Douglass also describes the way it corroded his soul to not know his birth date, to be told he couldn't learn to read after the wife of his Baltimore owner started to teach him, and to realize that slavery was a condition he would never grow out of. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" by Frederick Douglass - Quizlet In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. In the opinion shared by Taney, Marshall, and many present-day professors, teachers, and students, the stain of racial exclusion suffuses both the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. Even though we must face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, King told his audience, I still have a dream. [5] For an indispensable rebuttal of this critique, see Thomas G. West, Vindicating the Founders: Race, Sex, Class, and Justice in the Origins of America (Lanham, Md. Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. The Common Core State Standards for grades 7-12 include the counterclaim in the argumentative essay (W. 1.0). Douglass provides. If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. For each of the following sentences, write the correct word or expression from the pair in parentheses. The purpose of an argument, whether it's in a paper or a speech, is to convince or persuade. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. What would you ask them to do? Throughout his postwar career, he remained acutely aware of the depth of the injuries inflicted by slavery and of the persisting power of racial prejudice, and he was carefully attentive to the claims of corrective justice. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. [2] Cornel West, Race Matters (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), chapter 1. In all this talk of race, the motive may be good, but the method is bad. Douglass never mentions the fact that many of the fathers were slave owners. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. [27] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in Douglass Papers, Vol. So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. Whom was he trying to reach? Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. [12] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? July 5, 1852, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM.

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