The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. [66] (Ed.). The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. [5] quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama . This is: After his "second birth", Waiyaki is brought to a sacred grove where: After the episode in the sacred grove, Waiyaki disappears from his home to: The two daughters of Joshua, Nyambura and Muthoni, have both been forbidden by their father to: Waiyaki tries to heal the conflict between the two ridges by: Waiyaki fails to achieve his goals because: The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. the exhibition explores the long- The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. Barbot documents that between 1698 and 1699, payments for provisions were made at Calabar to the following chiefs; Duke Aphrom, King Robin, Mettinon, King Ebrero, King John, King Oyo, William King Agbisherea, Robin King Agbisherea, and Old King Robin. Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. ekpe society cameroon. [57] The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik, is the only surviving record from an African slave-trading house. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. African literature has been disregarded as serious literature in the past because: Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the ______ script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. wikipedia.en/Akpakip_Oro.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en Posted on March 01, 2015 Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Society features the ukara cloth, a composite signifier of authority, prestige, sacrality, difference, and social mobility in the Ekpe secret society in the Cross river basin encompassing southeastern Nigeria and parts of Cameroon. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. There is not even one single manyangero mentioned on all the write up on any of the ekpe/mgbe stories. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. (1985). One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. The group believes that when they eat human flesh, they gain the ability to transform into a crocodile. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. These are: the oral historians, kings' advisors, poets, and musicians whose power is the ability to manipulate words. The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. Hall Fund. Alternate titles: Egbo, Ekpo, Leopard society. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. The Efik acted as the middlemen between the European vessels and the inland slave traders. The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . These lettere were heeded to and in April 1846, the first missionaries arrived Old Calabar. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. ekpe society cameroon - impactonoticia.news . We bring you daily editor picks from the best Business Insider news content so you can stay updated on the latest topics and conversations on the African market, leaders, careers and lifestyle. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. [33][34] Abasi is said to have borrowed an axe from an Uruan woman and had broken the axe. Types of African Print Fabrics You Should Know Of - Fashinza Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. The term igo has also been used for the organization's members. Prior to 1905, Old Calabar was a term used to describe the Efik settlements of Duke Town, Creek Town, Old town, Cobham town, Henshaw town, Adiabo and Mbiabo (consisting of Mbiabo edere, Mbiabo Ikot Offiong and Mbiabo Ikoneto). NSUWorks - Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. In the culture we have discussed, the term dalilu refers to: an individual's personal power, knowledge, or ability, inborn but enhanced and developed through training and experience. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. [36] [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, in the southern part of Cross River State. Nigeria and Cameroon (Lebialem and Manyu), Ekpe Society Resolutions from meeting held on September 16th 2011 in DC, Auto-Biography of Sisiku Emmanuel Ojong-Orock, Leader of Cameroonian Ekpe Lodge in Metropolitan DC. This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. The instruments above are particularly important to our study of the Sunjata because: they are the traditional instruments of the jeliw who tell the story in public performance. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. I hope some Man-of-War come sometime with proper captain all same you look out and help we keep word when French Man-of-War come. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. At Ughoton, to the southwest of Benin, a different type of mask is used, in the cult. The Ekpe Society or Mgbe society as it is also fondly called is very reputable and covers a wider range of ethnic groups such as: the Efut; the Efik; the Qua-Ejegham, and the Okonko ( the Igbo-speaking areas). Copyright Dr. Ivor L. Miller. Further Perspectives on Kifwebe Masquerades - MIT Press [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. This is evident in a testimony by Isaac Parker, a ship-keeper who lived at Duke town in 1765 for 5 months. Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". Colonial Anthropologist M.D.W. [19] Oku attests that it was the attack on the Efik that made them decide to leave Ikpa Ene as they realised they were still too close to their enemies. Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. [22] This is further proven by Talbot who proves that other ethnicities appended the name "Eburutu" or "Oburutu" to their ethnic names. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. Cow meat was also consumed but the Efik native cow was rarely eaten or milked by the Efik. [81] In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . [5] The Efik refer to themselves as Efik Eburutu, Ifa Ibom, Eburutu and Iboku. [42] K.K. The group is gaining grounds as it seems to incessantly predict the total destruction of the planet earth. EKPE = ABAKUA: The Voice of The Leopard - Chief Yagbe Awolowo Onilu After the decline of the slave trade, the Efik transitioned into the business of exporting palm oil from the Cross river. [1] The trade-off is that the Amama often control the majority of the community wealth. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). The Ekpe society is estimated by most foreign scholars to have been introduced into Old Calabar in the 18th century. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World Today, it is no longer the same Ekpe society of decades ago. society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. According to him . The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. There are different narratives on the arrival of the Efik at Creek Town. [15] This theory appears to be isolated as other Ibibio writers do not narrate that such terms were used by the Ibibio. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. [77] The fibre of the leaf-stalk of a palm was made into a thread and woven to make clothes and bags. [15] Ekereke and Ekereke further assert that the word was later changed to "Efik". Determine the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence by examining the context. Among these laws were the Abolition of twin-killings, abolition of the esere bean ordeal, abolition of human sacrifices and several other practices. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. All Ekpe members are hereby reminded that under Ekpe custom, we do not leave the lifeless body of our warriors in the battle field, and we certainly do not leave the remains of an Ekpe chief unguarded. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade: Volume 1, The Sources These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. This is UKARA cloth used by the Ekpe society in a handful of places in Nigeria, Cameroon The symbols are nisbidi You even scanned the raffia marks left from resist dyeing I hope you won't sue the owners in future! To be a member, one must be a part of Yoruba nobility. Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. James Beale Horton made a similar assertion in 1868 where he asserted that all the communities of the Niger-delta are traced to the Igbo. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. The island is believed to be named after a fisherman from Mbiabo known as Ene Ankot. Ralph Lauren on Twitter Efik names were often anglicised to gain the trust of European traders. Originally, items such as onions (Oyim mbakara) was rare in Efik meals. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. Refworld | Nigeria: A cult known as Ekpe na Mboko [65] Cannons were shot at the town and every house was levelled to the ground. Transformation of the kp Masquerade in the African Diaspora Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. At least in the past, very large sums were paid to attain these upper levels. Aye provides the following names among these priest-kings including Ema Atai Iboku, Ekpe Atai Iboku, Ukpong Atai Iboku. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. PDF Read Free Misiva De Sangre Las Cronicas De Tito Valerio Ner Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. The Social Significance and Implications of the Ekpe - PhilArchive [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. [40] Omissions? The masquerade tradition itself is most popular in Calabar and the Oron nation of Udung-Ukko, Mbo, Urue-Offong Oruko, Okobo, as well as the Eket and Uruan local government areas in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria, and even western Cameroon. [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. EKPE SOCIETY - Blogger Some of the musical instruments that are important in the culture we have discussed are: the bala (balaphon), a kind of xylophone, and the kora, a gourd harp. There are two distinct but related societies. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. [45] Eyo Ema's people occupied Otung in the south of Creek Town, Adim Atai and Ukpong Atai occupied the east and Efiom Ekpo's family occupied the Adakuko in the west. Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Cuban Abaku Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence a Mande tradition based on orally transmitted history. This material is believed to have been imported by the Portuguese (Oboriki). Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. LEFT Ezillo man drawing a grid pattern to be filled with nsibidi designs, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi.

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