Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Doodle's Point of View Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. Surviving colonists abandon Virginia and return to England. 214 High Street, Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. Company Reg no: 04489574. Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica Died: 24 March 1603. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. However, the Privy Council had put huge pressure on Elizabeth to marry and urged her to take a husband in late 1559, which suggests that the Privy Council would have agreed on a suitor had there been someone suitable as they realised the importance of securing a Protestant English throne and the Tudor dynasty, and perhaps it was this lack of a suitable suitor that caused Elizabeth to remain . Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. . Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. 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West Yorkshire, She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. . The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . how significant was the catholic threat to elizabeth 1, posed by her The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). VAT reg no 816865400. J. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. 214 High Street, One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. They began to revolt against the Spanish. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. The new and updated summary of the British and American history The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Tudor Brief Essay Plans Flashcards | Quizlet He was a protestant and head of his country; however England viewed Sweden as a mediocre power and not a nation to be linked with in marriage. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Student / Company Reg no: 04489574. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. He was younger than Elizabeth but their union was based on a mutual need for France and England to form an alliance. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. threats did Elizabeth face in 1558? These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. to answer the Section Focus Question: One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. (*fragmentary*). The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. As the Spanish had lost these to Drake, they were forced to make their barrels from unseasoned wood, which couldnt preserve food or water very well. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain.

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